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The name ''Afghānistān'' ((ペルシア語:افغانستان), (:avɣɒnestɒn))〔Cowan, William and Jaromira Rakušan. Source Book for Linguistics. 3rd ed. John Benjamins, 1998.〕 means ''"land of the Afghans"'', which originates from the ethnonym ''"Afghan"''. Historically, the name ''"Afghan"'' mainly designated the Pashtun people, the largest ethnic group of Afghanistan.〔 The earliest reference to the name is found in the 10th-century geography book known as ''Hudud ul-'alam''. It is also derived from () word אפגני ' af ' gan which means "Brave".The last part of the name, ''-stān'' is a Persian suffix for "place". In the early 19th century, Afghan politicians adopted the name ''Afghanistan'' for the entire Durrani Empire after its English translation had already appeared in various treaties with Qajarid Persia and British India.〔E. Huntington, ''"The Anglo-Russian Agreement as to Tibet, Afghanistan, and Persia"'', Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, Vol. 39, No. 11 (1907).〕 In 1857, in his review of J.W. Kaye's ''The Afghan War'', Friedrich Engels describes "Afghanistan" as: Afghanistan was officially recognized as a sovereign state by the international community after the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 was signed.〔M. Ali, ''"Afghanistan: The War of Independence, 1919"'', 1960.〕〔(Afghanistan's Constitution of 1923 ) under ''King Amanullah Khan'' (English translation). 〕 ==Afghanization== (詳細はsynonyms,〔 a fact that is mentioned in the 17th-century poetry of Pashtun national poet Khushal Khan Khattak: Pashtunization (Afghanization) has been going on in the region (between modern Afghanistan and Bangladesh) since at least the 8th century. It is a process of a cultural or linguistic change in which something non-Pashtun (non-Afghan) becomes Pashtun (Afghan). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Name of Afghanistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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